Y:	GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y04:	INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
Y04S:	SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S1/00:	[N1204]
Y04S10/00:	Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
Y04S10/10:	. Systems characterised by the monitored, controlled or operated power network elements or equipment (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S10/12:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving energy generation units, including distributed generation [DER] or load-side generation
Y04S10/12B:	. . . the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
Y04S10/12D:	. . . the energy generation units being or involving electricity based vehicles, i.e. power aggregation of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV] (remote or cooperative charging Y04S30/12; details associated with the interoperability in the section of transportation, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing Y04S30/14)
Y04S10/14:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving energy storage units (for systems comprising uninterruptible power supplies or standby generators Y04S20/12)
Y04S10/16:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving electric power substations
Y04S10/18:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
Y04S10/20:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving protection elements, arrangements or systems
Y04S10/22:	. . the element or elements being flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
Y04S10/24:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving voltage regulating units
Y04S10/26:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving measuring units
Y04S10/26B:	. . . the elements or equipments being or involving phasor measuring units [PMU]
Y04S10/30:	. Systems characterised by state monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
Y04S10/40:	. Systems characterised by the display of information, e.g. of data or controls
Y04S10/50:	. Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S10/52:	. . Outage or fault management (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S10/52B:	. . . Fault detection or location
Y04S10/52D:	. . . Power restoration
Y04S10/52F:	. . . Power quality monitoring
Y04S10/54:	. . Management of operational aspects, e.g. planning, load or production forecast, maintenance, construction, extension
Y04S10/54B:	. . . Computing methods or systems for efficient or low carbon management or operation of electric power systems
Y04S10/56:	. . Supply chain or logistics
Y04S10/58:	. . Financial aspects
Y04S10/60:	. . Reporting; Information providing; Statistics or analysis
Y04S20/00:	Systems supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
Y04S20/10:	. System characterised by the monitored, controlled or operated end-user elements or equipments (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S20/12:	. . the elements or equipments being or involving energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators involved in the last power distribution stages (energy storage units involved in power generation, transmission and distribution Y04S10/14; uninterruptible power supply systems or standby or emergency generators as end-user application Y04S20/24D)
Y04S20/14:	. . The elements or equipments being or involving protection elements, switches, relays or circuit breakers
Y04S20/16:	. . The elements or equipments being or involving power plugs, sockets, adapters or power strips
Y04S20/18:	. . The element or elements being a direct current power network, grid or distribution line
Y04S20/20:	. End-user application control systems (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S20/22:	. . The system characterised by the aim of the control (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S20/22B:	. . . General power management systems
Y04S20/22C:	. . . Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Y04S20/22C2:	. . . . Curtailment; Interruptions; Retail price-responsive demand
Y04S20/22D:	. . . The system entering an energy saving mode, i.e. sleep, low-power or standby modes
Y04S20/22F:	. . . Domotics or building automation systems
Y04S20/22F2:	. . . . Characterised by involving a home automation communication network
Y04S20/24:	. . The system characterised by the end-user application (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S20/24B:	. . . the end-user application being or involving home appliances
Y04S20/24B2:	. . . . the home appliances being or involving heating ventilating and air conditioning [HVAC] units
Y04S20/24B4:	. . . . the system involving the remote operation of lamps or lighting equipment
Y04S20/24D:	. . . the end-user application involving uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators (for uninterruptible power supply systems or standby or emergency generators in the last power distribution stages Y04S20/12)
Y04S20/30:	. Smart metering
Y04S20/32:	. . Systems characterised by remote reading
Y04S20/32B:	. . . from a fixed location
Y04S20/32D:	. . . from a mobile location
Y04S20/32F:	. . . The remote reading system including mechanisms for turning on/off the supply
Y04S20/34:	. . Systems which determine the environmental impact of user behavior
Y04S20/36:	. . Methods or devices for detecting or reporting abnormalities, e.g. faults, outages, leaks
Y04S20/38:	. . Identification of individual loads by analysing current or voltage waveforms
Y04S20/40:	. . Displaying of usage with respect to time, e.g. monitoring evolution of usage, relating usage and weather conditions
Y04S20/42:	. . Utility meters which are networked together, e.g. within a single building
Y04S20/44:	. . Displaying utility price or cost
Y04S20/46:	. . Remote display of meters readings
Y04S20/48:	. . Methods for determining the topology of meters in a network
Y04S20/50:	. . Retrofitting of installed meters
Y04S20/52:	. . Systems oriented to metering of generated energy or power
Y04S20/52D:	. . . Monitoring the performance of renewable electricity generating systems, i.e. of solar panels
Y04S30/00:	Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
Y04S30/10:	. Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S30/12:	. . Remote or cooperative charging
Y04S30/14:	. . Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Y04S40/00:	Communication or information technology specific aspects supporting electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management
Y04S40/10:	. Communication technology specific aspects (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S40/12:	. . Details of the transmission structure or support between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S40/12B:	. . . Using the power network as support for the transmission
Y04S40/12B2:	. . . . Using pulsed signals
Y04S40/12B4:	. . . . Using modification of a parameter of the network power signal
Y04S40/12D:	. . . Using a data transmission bus
Y04S40/12F:	. . . Using phone lines
Y04S40/12H:	. . . Using wireless data transmission
Y04S40/12H2:	. . . . by means of mobile telephony
Y04S40/12J:	. . . Using Internet
Y04S40/14:	. . Aspects related to the treatment or conditioning of data or signals (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S40/14B:	. . . Associated to the communication via dedicated transmission supports
Y04S40/14D:	. . . Associated to the communication via the power transmission network
Y04S40/16:	. . Details of management of the overlaying communication network between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipments (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S40/16B:	. . . related to configuration or provisioning
Y04S40/16D:	. . . related to network topology
Y04S40/16F:	. . . related to fault management
Y04S40/16H:	. . . for performance monitoring
Y04S40/20:	. Information technology specific aspects (not used, see subgroups)
Y04S40/22:	. . Computer aided design [CAD]; Simulation; Modelling
Y04S40/24:	. . Arrangements for network security or for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorised activity, e.g. cyber security
Y04S50/00:	Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies
Y04S50/10:	. Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid
Y04S50/12:	. Billing, invoicing, buying or selling transactions or other related activities, e.g. cost or usage evaluation
Y04S50/14:	. Marketing, i.e. market research and analysis, surveying, promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or rewards